What does "SOG" stand for in maritime navigation?

In maritime navigation, "SOG" stands for Speed Over Ground. This term refers to the actual speed at which a vessel moves relative to the seabed, taking into account factors such as current and wind. SOG is measured in knots and is vital for navigation because it provides an accurate representation of how fast a vessel is traveling over the ground.

Understanding SOG is crucial for watchstanders and navigators because it influences navigation calculations, arrival times at waypoints, and overall passage planning. Knowing the SOG allows mariners to adjust their speed and route to ensure safe and efficient travel, especially in conditions where currents may affect the vessel's progress.

The other alternatives do not accurately define "SOG" in the context of maritime navigation. The options referring to "Speed of Generation," "Speed of Guidance," and "Safe Operating Guidelines" do not relate to navigation and do not convey any recognized terminology used in maritime practices.