What does the term "heaving to" mean in maritime operations?

"Heaving to" refers specifically to a maneuver in which a vessel stops and maintains a stationary position in the water. This technique is commonly used in maritime operations to bring the vessel to a halt, allowing it to ride out adverse weather conditions or to take a break for other reasons, such as conducting assessments or making repairs.

When a vessel heaves to, it generally positions its sails and rudder in a way that allows it to effectively counteract wind and current forces, keeping the boat steady without drifting significantly. This maneuver is particularly useful for sailing vessels, but can be employed by motor vessels as well, under certain conditions.

The other options do not accurately capture the specific meaning of "heaving to." Adjusting speed pertains to altering the pace of movement rather than stopping. Performing maintenance tasks at sea does not denote stopping the vessel but rather conducting operations while it is underway. Changing course quickly contradicts the concept of maintaining a stationary position, as heaving to involves stabilizing the vessel rather than altering its direction.