What typically causes a "wake" while a vessel is moving?

The wake created by a moving vessel is primarily caused by the vessel's hull displacing water as it moves through it. When the hull travels forward, it pushes aside water, creating waves that spread out from the sides and stern of the vessel. This disturbance in the water not only results in the visible wake but can also indicate how quickly the vessel is moving and its size. The shape and intensity of the wake can vary depending on several factors, including the vessel's speed, hull design, and the water's characteristics.

The propeller movement contributes to the overall hydrodynamics, affecting how efficiently the hull moves through the water, but it is not the primary cause of the visible wake. Navigational lights help ensure safety and visibility but do not affect the physical water disturbance created by the vessel. Weather conditions can influence wave height and surface disturbance but are external factors and not the direct cause of the wake generated by the vessel itself.